Tolerance

In electronics, the tolerance of an electronic component refers to the allowable variation in the component's value from its nominal or specified value. Tolerance is typically expressed as a percentage or a range of values. For example, a resistor with a nominal value of 100 Ohms and a tolerance of ±5% can have a value that is anywhere from 95 to 105 Ohms. A component with a low tolerance (e.g. 1% or 2%) is closer to its nominal value while a high tolerance (e.g. 10% or 20%) indicates that the component value has a wider range of values. Tolerance is an important consideration in the selection of electronic components, as it affects the accuracy and performance of electronic circuits. Components with tighter tolerances provide better performance and reliability, although they may be more expensive.

Much of the character in synthesizers and acoustic instruments arises from imperfections. After a polyphonic synthesizer has warmed up, each voice has unique qualities, as a conseqence of the specific circuit characteristics of the VCO, VCF, VCA and envelope generator.