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An '''electronic component''' is any basic ''[[discrete]] device'' or physical entity in an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields. Electronic components have two or more electrical [[terminal]]s (or [[lead]]s), usually connecting to a [[printed circuit board]], to create an [[electronic circuit]]. They may be packaged as arrays or networks of like components, or integrated inside of packages such as [[semiconductor]] [[integrated circuit]]s, [[hybrid integrated circuit]]s, or [[thick film devices]].<ref name="wec">Wikipedia:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component Electronic components]</ref>
== Classification ==
A component may be classified as [[passive]], [[active]], or [[Electromechanics|electromechanical]]. The strict physics definition treats passive components as ones that cannot supply energy themselves, whereas active component act as a source of energy. However, electronic engineers who perform [[circuit analysis]] use a more restrictive definition of passivity, (see Wikipedia:[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)#Incremental_passivity Incremental passivity]). When only concerned with the energy of [[electronic signal]]s, it is convenient to ignore the [[DC circuit]] and pretend that the power supplying components such as [[transistor]]s or [[integrated circuit]]s is absent (as if each such component had its own battery built in). Then, the analysis only concerns the [[AC circuit]]. This for instance, lets us view an [[oscillator]] as "producing energy" even though in reality the oscillator consumes even more energy from a DC power supply. Under that restriction, the terms as used in [[circuit analysis]] are defined as:
;Active components
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:Can't introduce net energy into the circuit. They also can't rely on a source of power, except for what is available from the circuit they are connected to. As a consequence they can't amplify (increase the power of a signal), although they may increase a [[voltage]] or [[current]] (such as is done by a [[transformer]] or [[resonant circuit]]). Passive components include two-terminal components such as [[resistor]]s, [[capacitor]]s, [[inductor]]s, and transformers.
;Electromechanical components
:Can carry out electrical operations by using moving parts or by using electrical connections.<ref name="wec" />
Most passive components with more than two terminals can be described in terms of [[two-port parameters]] that satisfy the principle of [[reciprocity]], although there are rare exceptions. In contrast, active components (with more than two terminals) generally lack that property..<ref name="wec" />
== See also ==
* [[Electronic component suppliers]]
* [[Sourcing parts]]
* [[Preferred components and substitutions]]
* [[Stocking up on components]]
== References ==
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== External links ==
* Wikipedia:[
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130712091037/http://www.teaser.fr/~amajorel/sourcing/ Sourcing electronic components for synth-DIY] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20140530182654/http://www.teaser.fr/~amajorel/misc/sdiy-parts.txt Common parts in synth DIY]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130714074733/http://home1.gte.net/res0658s/electronics/PreferredComponentListSynthDIY.html Preferred components list of Synth-DIY list members]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130517090242/http://www.datasheetdir.com/ Datasheet Directory]
[[Category:Electronic components]]
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