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ADSR envelope generators can be used for various functions. The most important use is to give timbre to a sound. Timbre is what makes one instrument sound distinct from another, even when playing the same note and at the same volume.
The envelope generator is usually triggered by a [[gate]] signal from the keyboard.<ref name="q109">Synthesizers.com [http://www.synthesizers.com/q109.html Q109 Envelope Generator]</ref>▼
==
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For shorter envelopes at higher [[pitch]], as happens in [[acoustic instruments]], a master [[CV]] is taken from the same voltage as used for [[VCO]] pitch.<ref>Description of the [http://www.cgs.synth.net/modules/cgs116_env.html Serge Extended ADSR Envelope Generator]</ref>▼
The contour of an ADSR envelope is specified using four parameters:
== See also ==▼
;Attack time
:The time taken for initial run-up of level from nil to peak, beginning when the key is first pressed.
;Decay time
:The time taken for the subsequent run down from the attack level to the designated sustain level.
;Sustain level
:The level during the main sequence of the sound's duration, until the key is released.
;Release time
:The time taken for the level to decay from the sustain level to zero after the key is released.
A common variation of the ADSR on some synthesizers, such as the [[Korg MS-20]], was ADSHR (attack, decay, sustain, hold, release). By adding a "hold" parameter, the system allowed notes to be held at the sustain level for a fixed length of time before decaying. The [[General Instrument AY-3-8910]] IC included a hold time parameter only; the sustain level was not programmable. Another common variation in the same vein is the AHDSR (attack, hold, decay, sustain, release) envelope, in which the "hold" parameter controls how long the envelope stays at full volume before entering the decay phase.
Certain synthesizers also allow for a delay parameter before the attack. Modern synthesizers like the [[DSI Prophet 8]] have DADSR (delay, attack, decay, sustain, release) envelopes. The delay setting determines the length of silence between hitting a note and the attack.
== Usage ==
▲For shorter envelopes at higher [[pitch]], as happens in [[acoustic instruments]], a master [[CV]] is taken from the same voltage as used for [[VCO]] pitch.<ref>Description of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20120815070312/http://www.cgs.synth.net/modules/cgs116_env.html Serge Extended ADSR Envelope Generator]</ref>
▲<!--== See also ==-->
== References ==
{{From Wikipedia|Synthesizer}}
{{Reflist}}
== Further reading ==
* ''The Complete Guide to Synthesizers'' by Devarahi, Prentice Hall, 1982, {{ISBN|0-13-160630-1}}, pages 74–91
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130725070530/http://www.synthesizers.com/egpunch.html Q109 Envelope Generator Punch]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190430214247/https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/modifiers-controllers Synth Secrets, Part 3: Modifiers & Controllers] by Gordon Reid, Sound on Sound, Jul 1999 - archived
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422232353/https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/envelopes-gates-triggers Synth Secrets, Part 7: Envelopes, Gates & Triggers] by Gordon Reid, Sound on Sound, Nov 1999 - archived
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902014325/https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/more-about-envelopes Synth Secrets, Part 8: More About Envelopes] by Gordon Reid, Sound on Sound, Dec 1999 - archived
* [http://173.201.189.104/forum/viewtopic.php?t=31473 What are all the ADSR's out there to build?] on electro-music.com
* [https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=83193 CEM3310 equivalent circuit], Mod Wiggler forum, Apr 2013
=== Kits ===
* MFOS [
* MFOS [
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120815070312/http://www.cgs.synth.net/modules/cgs116_env.html Serge Extended ADSR Envelope Generator]
* Oakley [http://www.oakleysound.com/vc-adsr.htm Voltage Controlled ADSR and VCA module]
* Oakley [http://www.oakleysound.com/adsr.htm Looping ADSR with integral VCA]
=== Schematics ===
*Digisound 80 [http://www.digisound80.co.uk/digisound/modules/80-10/80-10.htm 80-10 Voltage Controlled Envelope Generator], [[CEM3310]] based. ''Electronic Music Circuits'' by [[Barry Klein]],1982, p. 62-3, includes [[Charles Blakey]]'s independent trigger input modification.▼
==== Readily available analogue IC and discrete component based ====
*Digisound 80 [http://www.digisound80.co.uk/digisound/modules/80-8/80-8.htm 80-8 Dual ADSR], CEM3310 based▼
*Digisound 80 [http://www.digisound80.co.uk/digisound/modules/80-18/80-18.htm 80-18 Dual Multi-Function Envelope Generator], CEM3310 based▼
* Formant music synthesizer by [[C. Chapman]], Elektor, 1978, p.
* [http://yusynth.net/Modular/EN/ADSR/index.html yusynth ADSR] has a [[555]] core with a few op-amps.
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190613221410/https://sdiy.info/wiki/File%3AThe_Reprint_Collection_by_Thomas_Henry_CC_BY_NC.pdf ADSR the Easy Way]'' by Thomas Henry, Polyphony, March/Apil 1982, pp. 22,23,30,3I.
* [https://www.schmitzbits.de/adsr.html Envelope ADSR schematics on Schmitzbits] - 3 envelope schematics based on readily available components.
==== CEM IC based ====
▲* Digisound 80 [http://www.digisound80.co.uk/digisound/modules/80-10/80-10.htm 80-10 Voltage Controlled Envelope Generator], uses [[CEM3310]]
▲* Digisound 80 [http://www.digisound80.co.uk/digisound/modules/80-8/80-8.htm 80-8 Dual ADSR],
▲* Digisound 80 [http://www.digisound80.co.uk/digisound/modules/80-18/80-18.htm 80-18 Dual Multi-Function Envelope Generator],
[[Category:Synthesizer components]]
[[Category:Envelopes]]
[[Category:Control voltage]]
[[Category:Schematics]]
[[Category:DIY kits]]
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