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[[File:ADSR parameter.svg|thumb|300px|The amplitude over time of an ADSR envelope. Only the positive half of the signal is shown.]] Sound synthesis techniques often employ an '''envelope generator''', '''contour generator''' or '''transient generator''' that controls some parameters of a signal or control voltage at any point in its duration. When it controls a [[VCA]] these together form an envelope shaper or loudness contour.<ref>''Synthesizers for musicians'' by R A Penfold, PC Publishing, 1989, {{ISBN
== Timbre ==
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== ADSR ==
Most often the envelope generator is an ADSR (Attack Decay Sustain Release), which may be applied to overall [[amplitude]], [[frequency]], or [[Voltage controlled filter|filter]]. It is usually triggered by a [[gate]] signal from the keyboard.<ref name="q109">Synthesizers.com [
The contour of an ADSR envelope is specified using four parameters:
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== Further reading ==
* ''The Complete Guide to Synthesizers'' by Devarahi, Prentice Hall, 1982, {{ISBN
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130725070530/http://www.synthesizers.com/egpunch.html Q109 Envelope Generator Punch]
* [https://
* [https://
* [https://
* [http://173.201.189.104/forum/viewtopic.php?t=31473 What are all the ADSR's out there to build?] on electro-music.com
*
=== Kits ===
* MFOS [https://web.archive.org/web/20190614005053/http://musicfromouterspace.com/index.php?CATPARTNO=NONE&PROJARG=ADSR001%252FADSR001.html&MAINTAB=SYNTHDIY&VPW=1150&VPH=777 ADSR Envelope Generator]
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* Formant music synthesizer by [[C. Chapman]], Elektor, 1978, p. 64, using [[Operational amplifier|op-amps]] and common [[discrete]] components
* [http://yusynth.net/Modular/EN/ADSR/index.html yusynth ADSR] has a [[555]] core with a few op-amps.
* ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190613221410/https://sdiy.info/wiki/File
* [https://www.schmitzbits.de/adsr.html Envelope ADSR schematics on Schmitzbits] - 3 envelope schematics based on readily available components.
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