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SWG was fixed by [[Order of Council]] August 23, 1883. It was constructed by improving the [[Birmingham Wire Gauge]]. It was made legal standard March 1, 1884 by the British [[Board of Trade]].
The basis of the system is the [[Thou_(length)|mil]], or {{nowrap|0.001 [[inch|in]]}}. No. 7/0, the largest size, is {{nowrap|0.50 in}}. (500 mils or {{nowrap|12.7 mm}}) in diameter, and the smallest, No. 50, is {{nowrap|0.001 in}}. ({{nowrap|1 mil}} or about {{nowrap|25 µm}}) in diameter. Between each gauge, the weight diminishes by approximately 20%. Because the weight per unit length is related to the area, and therefore the square of the diameter, the diameter diminishes by approximately 10.6%:
:<math>\mbox{Diameter Ratio} = 1-(1-0.2)^{\frac{1}{2}} \approx 10.6%</math>
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