Banana jack colour schemes: Difference between revisions
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== Considerations == |
== Considerations == |
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In the UK Rapid only sell |
In the UK Rapid only sell 4 mm bannana sockets in {{font color|white|black| black }}, {{font color|white|red| red }}, {{font color|black|white| white }}, {{font color|white|green| green }}, {{font color|white|blue| blue }} and {{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150606211113/http://www.rapidonline.com/Cables-Connectors/4mm-Insulated-Test-Socket-83057 4 mm Insulated Test Socket], Rapid Electronics Limited</ref> |
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There isn't always a clear distinction between audio and control signals. It's more important to distinguish between inputs and outputs. There might be some unusual connections such as inputs with restrictions and ground for external patching.<ref>[http://electro-music.com/forum/post-232550.html Frac rack Banana Jack...some spec guidlines], Electro-music forum, March 2009</ref><ref name="ccyi">[https://www. |
There isn't always a clear distinction between audio and control signals. It's more important to distinguish between inputs and outputs. There might be some unusual connections such as inputs with restrictions and ground for external patching.<ref>[http://electro-music.com/forum/post-232550.html Frac rack Banana Jack...some spec guidlines], Electro-music forum, March 2009</ref><ref name="ccyi">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=206828 If you could color code your inputs....], Mod Wiggler forum, April 2010</ref> |
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Patch cords are color coded to indicate their length.<ref>Buchla 200e User's Guide, p. 2</ref> |
Patch cords are color coded to indicate their length.<ref>Buchla 200e User's Guide, p. 2</ref> |
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On [[Buchla Electronic Musical Instruments|Buchla]] synthesizers the audio and contol paths and control are kept seperate. The control path uses EF Johnson banana jacks and swings between +/-15V, while the audio path is at 1.228V RMS, (+4dBu professional line level) and uses 0.141" Tini-Jax.<ref name="wb">[http://buchlatech.blogspot.co.uk/2008/10/why-buchla.html Why Buchla?], Buchla tech blog, 4 Oct 2008</ref><ref name="as">[http://buchlatech.blogspot.co.uk/2008/10/good-thing-about-standards-so-many-to.html The Good Thing About Standards: So Many To Choose From], Buchla Tech blog, 7 October 2007</ref> |
On [[Buchla Electronic Musical Instruments|Buchla]] synthesizers the audio and contol paths and control are kept seperate. The control path uses EF Johnson banana jacks and swings between +/-15V, while the audio path is at 1.228V RMS, (+4dBu professional line level) and uses 0.141" Tini-Jax.<ref name="wb">[http://buchlatech.blogspot.co.uk/2008/10/why-buchla.html Why Buchla?], Buchla tech blog, 4 Oct 2008</ref><ref name="as">[http://buchlatech.blogspot.co.uk/2008/10/good-thing-about-standards-so-many-to.html The Good Thing About Standards: So Many To Choose From], Buchla Tech blog, 7 October 2007</ref> |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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! |
!Signal!!Color<ref name="as" /><ref name="ccyi" /><ref>[http://www.soundonsound.com/reviews/buchla-200e-part-1 Buchla 200e: Part 1] by Gordon Reid, SOS, Dec 2005</ref>!!Comment |
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|Pulse input||{{font color|black|orange| orange }}||Gate/trigger/clock. |
| Pulse input||{{font color|black|orange| orange }}||Gate/trigger/clock. |
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|Pulse output||{{font color|white|red| red }}||Gate/trigger/clock. Until the late 70s red was for both pulse input and output.<ref>[http://buchlatech.blogspot.co.uk/2008/10/audities-foundation-got-whatever-parts.html The 266 project], Buchla tech blog, 4 Oct 2008</ref> |
| Pulse output||{{font color|white|red| red }}||Gate/trigger/clock. Until the late 70s red was for both pulse input and output.<ref>[http://buchlatech.blogspot.co.uk/2008/10/audities-foundation-got-whatever-parts.html The 266 project], Buchla tech blog, 4 Oct 2008</ref> |
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|CV input||{{font color|white|black| black }} or {{font color|white|grey| grey }}||Grey for [[Buchla 292e|292e]] velocity CV in.<ref name="sjcl">[https://www. |
| CV input||{{font color|white|black| black }} or {{font color|white|grey| grey }}||Grey for [[Buchla 292e|292e]] velocity CV in.<ref name="sjcl">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=477117 serge jack color logic], Mod Wiggler forum, May 2011</ref> |
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|CV output||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}, {{font color|white|green| green }} or {{font color|white|purple| purple }}||Green is second channel/style of some CV out (e.g. velocity out), purple is third channel/style of some CV out (e.g. [[Buchla 296e|296e]] even outs).<ref name="sjcl"/> |
| CV output||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}, {{font color|white|green| green }} or {{font color|white|purple| purple }}||Green is second channel/style of some CV out (e.g. velocity out), purple is third channel/style of some CV out (e.g. [[Buchla 296e|296e]] even outs).<ref name="sjcl" /> |
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== BugBrand == |
== BugBrand == |
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Most modular synth signals can be thought of as either audio or control. The system ground jack provides a ground for connecting to external systems with screened (3.5 mm or 1/4") jacks, so that the signal can be carried with single wire cables (white in Bugbrand interface packs).<ref>[http://www.bugbrand.co.uk/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=2_21 OldBlue Overview (archive)], BugBrand</ref><ref>[https://www. |
Most modular synth signals can be thought of as either audio or control. The system ground jack provides a ground for connecting to external systems with screened (3.5 mm or 1/4") jacks, so that the signal can be carried with single wire cables (white in Bugbrand interface packs).<ref>[http://www.bugbrand.co.uk/index.php?main_page=index&cPath=2_21 OldBlue Overview (archive)], BugBrand</ref><ref>[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=153752 Connecting eurorack with bugbrand 1 frame (grounding)], Mod Wiggler forum, Jan 2016</ref> |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Signal!!Color<ref>[http://www.bugbrand.co.uk/bugbrand_old/pages/modular.htm Technicals], BugBrand Modular Synth</ref>!!Comment |
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|CV in||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}|| |
| CV in||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}|| |
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|CV out||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
| CV out||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
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| Audio in||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}|| |
| Audio in||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}|| |
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| Audio out||{{font color|white|green| green }}|| |
| Audio out||{{font color|white|green| green }}|| |
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|System ground||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
| System ground||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
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!Signal!!Color<ref name="cr" />!!Comment |
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|Output||{{font color|white|red| red }}||Often audio, but also CVs, envelopes and triggers.<ref name="cr"/> |
| Output||{{font color|white|red| red }}||Often audio, but also CVs, envelopes and triggers.<ref name="cr" /> |
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|Input||{{font color|white|black| black }}||Audio, CV or digital. Examples: Filter input, mixer input, data input.<ref name="cr"/> |
| Input||{{font color|white|black| black }}||Audio, CV or digital. Examples: Filter input, mixer input, data input.<ref name="cr" /> |
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|CV in||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}||Envelopes, LFOs and other analog control signals. Anything where the actual voltage matters. Examples: Cut-off frequency, gain.<ref name="cr"/> |
| CV in||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}||Envelopes, LFOs and other analog control signals. Anything where the actual voltage matters. Examples: Cut-off frequency, gain.<ref name="cr" /> |
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|Clock in||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}||Digital. Not necessarily a fixed frequency, any input that causes the circuit to “step forward” by one on a rising or falling edge. Examples: Counters, step-sequencers.<ref name="cr"/> |
| Clock in||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}||Digital. Not necessarily a fixed frequency, any input that causes the circuit to “step forward” by one on a rising or falling edge. Examples: Counters, step-sequencers.<ref name="cr" /> |
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|Trigger in||{{font color|white|green| green }}||Digital. One-shot events that trigger on a rising or falling edge. Examples: percussion, resets.<ref name="cr"/> |
| Trigger in||{{font color|white|green| green }}||Digital. One-shot events that trigger on a rising or falling edge. Examples: percussion, resets.<ref name="cr" /> |
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|Gate in||{{font color|black|white| white }}||Digital inputs that act according to whether they are high or low, rather than triggering on an edge. Examples: Analog switches.<ref name="cr"/> |
| Gate in||{{font color|black|white| white }}||Digital inputs that act according to whether they are high or low, rather than triggering on an edge. Examples: Analog switches.<ref name="cr" /> |
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== CGS == |
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[[CatGirl Synth|CGS]] mostly uses the Serge scheme, sometimes colorful just for fun. |
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!Signal!!Color<ref>[http://serge-fans.com/new.html#FAQ Serge Fans FAQ]</ref><ref>[http://www.carbon111.com/serge_index.html Serge Guidebook] by Rich Gold.</ref><ref>Ken Stone</ref>!!Comment |
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| Audio or signal||{{font color|white|black| black }}||AC coupled signals |
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| CVs||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}||DC coupled signals |
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| Pulse in/out||{{font color|white|red| red }}||Trigger signals |
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| [[Wired-OR]] capable gate/trig output||{{font color|black|orange| orange }}|| |
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== Ciat-Lonbarde == |
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Cool colors are inputs and hot colors are outputs. |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Signal!!Color<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200114173534/http://www.ciat-lonbarde.net/plumbutter/index.html Plumbutter] by Ciat-Lonbarde</ref><ref>[http://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=35461&start=20 serge jack color logic], Mod Wiggler forum, Mar 2013</ref><ref>[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=65&t=195308&p=2741388&hilit=Ciat+Lonbarde+color#p2741388 Plumbutter 2 quick start], Mod Wiggler forum, Jan 2018</ref>!!Comment |
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| Ground||{{font color|white|black| black }}||To connect other gear. |
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| CV in||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}|| |
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| Clock/trig in||{{font color|white|green| green }}|| |
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| FM in||{{font color|white|purple| purple }}|| |
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| Pulse out & clock/trig in||{{font color|white|brown| brown }}|| |
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| Random out||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}|| |
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| Audio out||{{font color|black|white| white }}|| |
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| Ultrasound out||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}|| |
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| Pulse out||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
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| CV out||{{font color|black|orange| orange }}|| |
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== Elby Designs Panther == |
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Elby Designs Panther 3.5mm (EuroRack) and 4 mm banana jacks colour scheme is expanded from the one used by Serge (AC, DC and logic). Differentiating between input, output and special for each signal type.<ref>[http://www.elby-designs.com/webtek/panther/panther-jacks.htm Panther Jacks – 3.5mm and 4 mm Coloured Jacks]</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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!rowspan="2"|signal!!colspan="3"|colour!!rowspan="2"|comment |
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!in!!out!!special |
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| AC||{{font color|white|black| black }}||{{font color|black|white| white }}||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}||e.g. VCO |
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| Logic||{{font color|white|red| red }}||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}||{{font color|black|orange| orange }}||e.g. gates and triggers |
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== Loudest Warning == |
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People have also used the Serge STS or Random*Source schemes. |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Signal!!Color<ref>Charlie Kerr</ref><ref>[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=97747&start=300 <nowiki>[IC]</nowiki> 4U Single Function 'Sergesque' panels], Mod Wiggler Forum, 20 Aug 2014, 09:24</ref>!!Comment |
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| CV in||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}|| |
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| CV out||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}|| |
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| AC/audio in||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}|| |
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| AC/audio out||{{font color|white|green| green }}|| |
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| Logic/trigger/gate in||{{font color|black|white| white }}|| |
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| Logic/trigger/gate out||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
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| Sync in||{{font color|white|purple| purple }}|| |
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| Special out||{{font color|black|orange| orange }}||e.g. wirable OR |
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| Ground||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
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== Kilpatrick Audio == |
== Kilpatrick Audio == |
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=== Front panel === |
=== Front panel === |
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Regards audio and control signals as interchangeable.<ref name="kfts">[ |
Regards audio and control signals as interchangeable.<ref name="kfts">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160429142536/http://kilpatrickaudio.com/manuals/kformat/spec/kilpatrick_format-spec-1.0.pdf Kilpatrick Format Technical Specifications]</ref> |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Signal!!Color<ref name="kfts" />!!Comment |
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|CV/audio |
| CV/audio input||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
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|CV/audio |
| CV/audio output||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}|| |
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|Pulse and gate |
| Pulse and gate Input||{{font color|black|white| white }}|| |
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|Pulse and gate |
| Pulse and gate output||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
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=== Internal power === |
=== Internal power === |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Signal!!Color<ref name="kfts" />!!Comment |
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| +15V||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
| +15V||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
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| -15V||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}|| |
| -15V||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}|| |
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|AGND and DGND||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
| AGND and DGND||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
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== Modcan-A == |
== Modcan-A == |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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!Signal!!Color<ref>[http://www.modcan.com/amodules/A%20Series%20manual.pdf Modcan A Series manual]</ref>!!Comment |
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| Signal in||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}|| |
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|CV in||{{font color|black|white| white }}|| |
| CV in||{{font color|black|white| white }}|| |
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| Signal or CV out||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }}|| |
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| Gate/trigger/logic/sync in or out||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
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== Serge == |
== Serge == |
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The Serge scheme is more about the type signal than its function but with some flexibility e.g. some CVs can go negative. Many black inputs are AC coupled, but most black outputs are not.<ref name="maint">[https://www. |
The [[Serge Modular Music System|Serge]] scheme is more about the type signal than its function but with some flexibility e.g. some CVs can go negative. Many black inputs are AC coupled, but most black outputs are not.<ref name="maint">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24954 Serge Maintenance Info], Mod Wiggler forum, Nov 2010</ref><ref name="if">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=205598 If you could color code your inputs....], Mod Wiggler forum, Apr 2010</ref> |
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{|class="wikitable" |
{|class="wikitable" |
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! |
!Signal!!Color<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210722001640/http://serge.synth.net/documents/1976sergemanual.pdf Introduction to the use of the Serge Modular Music System], 1976, p. 14</ref><ref>[http://serge-fans.com/new.html#FAQ Serge Fans FAQ]</ref><ref>[http://www.carbon111.com/serge_index.html Serge Guidebook] by Rich Gold.</ref>!!Comment |
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|Trigger pulses in/out||{{font color|white|red| red }}|| |
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|CVs in/out||{{font color|white|blue| blue }}|| |
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|Bipolar CV in/out||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
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|Audio in/out||{{font color|white|black| black }}|| |
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|Special functions in/out||{{font color|black|yellow| yellow }},{{font color|black|orange| orange }},{{font color|white|green| green }}<ref name="animal"/>|| |
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|Sync in||{{font color|white|purple| purple }}||Pink noise out on the Animal panel<ref>[http://carbon111.com/animal.html The Serge "Animal" - a massive modular in 4U]</ref><ref name="animal">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=507650&highlight=#507650 Best of CGS Build Thread], Mod Wiggler forum, 1 Jul 2011</ref> |
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|White Noise out<ref>[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=24954 Serge Maintenance Info], Mod Wiggler Forum, Nov. 2010</ref>||{{font color|white|grey| grey }}|| |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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* [http://www.comdyna.com/gp6panb.htm Comdyna GP-6 analog computer patch panel] and color coding, just for curiosity. |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170825015720/http://www.comdyna.com/gp6panb.htm Comdyna GP-6 analog computer patch panel] and color coding, just for curiosity. |
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* [http://electro-music.com/forum/post-232550.html Frac rack Banana Jack...some spec guidlines], Electro-music.com forum, Mar 2009 |
* [http://electro-music.com/forum/post-232550.html Frac rack Banana Jack...some spec guidlines], Electro-music.com forum, Mar 2009 |
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* [https://www. |
* [https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1453367 Color Coding of Knobs, Inputs and Outputs], Mod Wiggler forum, Feb 2014 |
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[[Category:Connectors]] |
[[Category:Connectors]] |
Latest revision as of 18:46, 15 February 2023
Banana jack colour schemes used by modular synth brands for which some reference has been found. Note that there is no universal accepted standard.
Considerations
In the UK Rapid only sell 4 mm bannana sockets in black , red , white , green , blue and yellow .[1]
There isn't always a clear distinction between audio and control signals. It's more important to distinguish between inputs and outputs. There might be some unusual connections such as inputs with restrictions and ground for external patching.[2][3]
Patch cords are color coded to indicate their length.[4]
Buchla 200e
On Buchla synthesizers the audio and contol paths and control are kept seperate. The control path uses EF Johnson banana jacks and swings between +/-15V, while the audio path is at 1.228V RMS, (+4dBu professional line level) and uses 0.141" Tini-Jax.[5][6]
Signal | Color[6][3][7] | Comment |
---|---|---|
Pulse input | orange | Gate/trigger/clock. |
Pulse output | red | Gate/trigger/clock. Until the late 70s red was for both pulse input and output.[8] |
CV input | black or grey | Grey for 292e velocity CV in.[9] |
CV output | blue , green or purple | Green is second channel/style of some CV out (e.g. velocity out), purple is third channel/style of some CV out (e.g. 296e even outs).[9] |
BugBrand
Most modular synth signals can be thought of as either audio or control. The system ground jack provides a ground for connecting to external systems with screened (3.5 mm or 1/4") jacks, so that the signal can be carried with single wire cables (white in Bugbrand interface packs).[10][11]
Signal | Color[12] | Comment |
---|---|---|
CV in | blue | |
CV out | red | |
Audio in | yellow | |
Audio out | green | |
System ground | black |
Castle Rocktronics
Tries to have a different colours for each different type of input, although just one colour for all outputs.[13]
Signal | Color[13] | Comment |
---|---|---|
Output | red | Often audio, but also CVs, envelopes and triggers.[13] |
Input | black | Audio, CV or digital. Examples: Filter input, mixer input, data input.[13] |
CV in | yellow | Envelopes, LFOs and other analog control signals. Anything where the actual voltage matters. Examples: Cut-off frequency, gain.[13] |
Clock in | blue | Digital. Not necessarily a fixed frequency, any input that causes the circuit to “step forward” by one on a rising or falling edge. Examples: Counters, step-sequencers.[13] |
Trigger in | green | Digital. One-shot events that trigger on a rising or falling edge. Examples: percussion, resets.[13] |
Gate in | white | Digital inputs that act according to whether they are high or low, rather than triggering on an edge. Examples: Analog switches.[13] |
CGS
CGS mostly uses the Serge scheme, sometimes colorful just for fun.
Signal | Color[14][15][16] | Comment |
---|---|---|
Audio or signal | black | AC coupled signals |
CVs | blue | DC coupled signals |
Pulse in/out | red | Trigger signals |
Wired-OR capable gate/trig output | orange |
Ciat-Lonbarde
Cool colors are inputs and hot colors are outputs.
Signal | Color[17][18][19] | Comment |
---|---|---|
Ground | black | To connect other gear. |
CV in | blue | |
Clock/trig in | green | |
FM in | purple | |
Pulse out & clock/trig in | brown | |
Random out | grey | |
Audio out | white | |
Ultrasound out | yellow | |
Pulse out | red | |
CV out | orange |
Elby Designs Panther
Elby Designs Panther 3.5mm (EuroRack) and 4 mm banana jacks colour scheme is expanded from the one used by Serge (AC, DC and logic). Differentiating between input, output and special for each signal type.[20]
signal | colour | comment | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
in | out | special | ||
AC | black | white | grey | e.g. VCO |
DC | blue | green | purple | e.g. CVs |
Logic | red | yellow | orange | e.g. gates and triggers |
Loudest Warning
People have also used the Serge STS or Random*Source schemes.
Signal | Color[21][22] | Comment |
---|---|---|
CV in | blue | |
CV out | grey | |
AC/audio in | yellow | |
AC/audio out | green | |
Logic/trigger/gate in | white | |
Logic/trigger/gate out | red | |
Sync in | purple | |
Special out | orange | e.g. wirable OR |
Ground | black |
Kilpatrick Audio
Front panel
Regards audio and control signals as interchangeable.[23]
Signal | Color[23] | Comment |
---|---|---|
CV/audio input | black | |
CV/audio output | grey | |
Pulse and gate Input | white | |
Pulse and gate output | red |
Internal power
Signal | Color[23] | Comment |
---|---|---|
+15V | red | |
-15V | grey | |
AGND and DGND | black |
Modcan-A
Signal | Color[24] | Comment |
---|---|---|
Signal in | grey | |
CV in | white | |
Signal or CV out | yellow | |
Gate/trigger/logic/sync in or out | red |
Serge
The Serge scheme is more about the type signal than its function but with some flexibility e.g. some CVs can go negative. Many black inputs are AC coupled, but most black outputs are not.[25][26]
Signal | Color[27][28][29] | Comment |
---|---|---|
Trigger pulses in/out | red | |
CVs in/out | blue | |
Bipolar CV in/out | black | |
Audio in/out | black | |
Special functions in/out | yellow , orange , green [30] | |
Sync in | purple | Pink noise out on the Animal panel[31][30] |
White Noise out[32] | grey |
References
- ^ 4 mm Insulated Test Socket, Rapid Electronics Limited
- ^ Frac rack Banana Jack...some spec guidlines, Electro-music forum, March 2009
- ^ a b If you could color code your inputs...., Mod Wiggler forum, April 2010
- ^ Buchla 200e User's Guide, p. 2
- ^ Why Buchla?, Buchla tech blog, 4 Oct 2008
- ^ a b The Good Thing About Standards: So Many To Choose From, Buchla Tech blog, 7 October 2007
- ^ Buchla 200e: Part 1 by Gordon Reid, SOS, Dec 2005
- ^ The 266 project, Buchla tech blog, 4 Oct 2008
- ^ a b serge jack color logic, Mod Wiggler forum, May 2011
- ^ OldBlue Overview (archive), BugBrand
- ^ Connecting eurorack with bugbrand 1 frame (grounding), Mod Wiggler forum, Jan 2016
- ^ Technicals, BugBrand Modular Synth
- ^ a b c d e f g h Power distribution & system overview, Castle Rocktronics
- ^ Serge Fans FAQ
- ^ Serge Guidebook by Rich Gold.
- ^ Ken Stone
- ^ Plumbutter by Ciat-Lonbarde
- ^ serge jack color logic, Mod Wiggler forum, Mar 2013
- ^ Plumbutter 2 quick start, Mod Wiggler forum, Jan 2018
- ^ Panther Jacks – 3.5mm and 4 mm Coloured Jacks
- ^ Charlie Kerr
- ^ [IC] 4U Single Function 'Sergesque' panels, Mod Wiggler Forum, 20 Aug 2014, 09:24
- ^ a b c Kilpatrick Format Technical Specifications
- ^ Modcan A Series manual
- ^ Serge Maintenance Info, Mod Wiggler forum, Nov 2010
- ^ If you could color code your inputs...., Mod Wiggler forum, Apr 2010
- ^ Introduction to the use of the Serge Modular Music System, 1976, p. 14
- ^ Serge Fans FAQ
- ^ Serge Guidebook by Rich Gold.
- ^ a b Best of CGS Build Thread, Mod Wiggler forum, 1 Jul 2011
- ^ The Serge "Animal" - a massive modular in 4U
- ^ Serge Maintenance Info, Mod Wiggler Forum, Nov. 2010
External links
- Comdyna GP-6 analog computer patch panel and color coding, just for curiosity.
- Frac rack Banana Jack...some spec guidlines, Electro-music.com forum, Mar 2009
- Color Coding of Knobs, Inputs and Outputs, Mod Wiggler forum, Feb 2014