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If the Doepfer specification is followed, or rails with sliding nuts are used, elongated holes are not required. These are useful for non-standard panel widths like the Piston Honda's and to compensate for for manufacturing tolerances of the panel width or hole position. They help to fit the modules flush against one another.<ref name="oval">[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=126980 Euro modules – Oval mounting holes], Muff Wiggler forum, December 2014</ref> In a double width case, there will be a gap where the two threaded inserts meet, unless e.g. single 168 HP tiptop Z rails are used.<ref>[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=69180 The Eurorack Charter?], Muff Wiggler forum, October 2012</ref>
Oval holes were originally for mixed Analogue Systems and Doepfer systems. The AS holes are 0.2" from the panel edge and the Doepfer holes are 0.3" from the edge. The oval holes were originally used to allow these modules to be placed in the same threaded rows without having the 1/2 HP gap that would otherwise result. These days the oval holes are mostly just centered on the Doepfer spacing.<ref name="oval" />
For front panels up to 10 HP two mounting holes are sufficient, wider than this and four mounting holes are usual. To attach the modules to the mounting rails M3x6 DIN 7985 cross recessed pan head machine screws are used. The mounting hole diameter is 3.2mm (0.13"), centered
==== Mounting rails ====
[[File:Eurorack panels on Gie-Tec rails.jpg|thumb|200px|Eurorack panels mounted on Gie-Tec rails, with sliding nuts. Note the lip along one edge of the rail.]][[File:Eurorack panels on Vector rails.jpg|thumb|200px|Eurorack panels mounted on Vector rails, with sliding nuts.]]Unless attaching the panels directly into the wood of an enclosure; Doepfer aluminium mounting rails from Schroff or Gie-Tech usually have a 1.2mm lip and are fitted with a number of square nuts or a threaded strip with M3 tapped holes, spaced with 5.08mm between centres.<ref>TipTop [http://www.tiptopaudio.com/manuals/z-rails.pdf Z-Rails dimensions]</ref> Be careful not to get Schroff rails that take M2.5 screws.<ref>[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=249254&sid=159dd8651e429dd3d944d75988436079 Schroff Rails for a Eurorack Rast?]</ref> Vector T-Strut rails do not have a lip and take a M2.5 threaded strip or 4-40 square nuts.<ref>[http://www.vectorelect.com/Catpdf/New%20Page%2049.pdf VectorPak T-Struts]</ref> Nuts are more fiddly than threaded strip, but the modules can then be butted flush against each other, for example when Analogue Sytem and Doepfer-style modules share the same rack rails.<ref>[https://www.gearslutz.com/board/electronic-music-instruments-electronic-music-production/814685-why-no-talk-analoge-systems-modules.html Why no talk of Analoge Systems modules?], Gearslutz.com forums, February 2013</ref>
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Brands using M2.5 square nuts or tapped strips and M2.5x6mm machine screws: [[4ms]], [[Elby Designs]] (SRS), [[Enclave]], [[Rittal]]<ref name="enc">[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1612192&sid=46c8558b1dfe3ee80c6a2ef51a264eb1 Enclave cases rails...], Muff Wiggler forum, July 2014</ref><ref name="sergesque">[https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1385152&highlight=#1385152 [IC] 4U Single Function 'Sergesque' panels], Muff Wiggler forum, 13 December 2013</ref>
Brands using Vector rails with M2.5 square nuts or tapped strips and M2.5x6mm machine screws: [[Erthenvar]], [http://www.goike.com/node/4 Goike]<ref name="sergesque" />
Brands using Gie-Tec rails with M3 nuts or tapped strip and M3x6 machine screws: [[Tiptop]], [[Gorillabox]], [[Doepfer]]<ref name="enc" />
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=== Blank panels ===
6061 aluminum alloy, T3 or T6 temper, is easy to come by, can be easily worked. Thickness usually ranges between 1.5 mm (0.62") and 2.5 mm (0.12") but see what is standard for the format, e.g. a thickness of 2
For small panels it's cheapest to buy Doepfer pre-made blank panels. For wider panels it might be worth getting them done by Frontpanel Express, without labeling and with whatever holes are required. Getting aluminum cut by general online metal suppliers is going to deliver metal that is approximate in size and the edges will need filing down to get it to the correct size.<ref name="guage"<ref>[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=50409&start=all&postdays=0&postorder=asc Sheet Metal (aluminium) UK], Muff Wiggler forum, January 2012</ref>
* [http://store.synthrotek.com/blank_eurorack_panels Synthrotek], USA
* [http://www.reichelt.de/Baugruppentraeger/BGT-TFP-312/3/index.html?;ACTION=3;LA=446;ARTICLE=34002;GROUPID=3363;artnr=BGT+TFP+312;SID=26PTQzxKwQARoAAHOZA-w413b4ed837993f58e14dcd8d28089d58 Reichelt Elektronik], Germany
* [http://syinsi.com/product/blank-panels/ syinsi.com], USA, blank/blind panels for Eurorack
Suppliers:
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=== Project panels ===
Panels for specific projects can be purchased from:
* [http://www.exploding-shed.com/ Exploding Shed], EU
* [http://grayscale.info/panels/ Grayscale], USA
* [http://modularaddict.com/parts/panels.html Modular Addict]
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Those don't include the tolerances (slop) of the nut in the rail moving up and down and the screw hole in the front panel. These can cause the rails to be closer or further apart when any given module is tightened in. It's better to try to give a little more clearance and not count on these exact figures.<ref name="six" />
To fit between the mounting rails the maximum vertical PCB size can be from
=== Stacked PCBs ===
Stacked PCBs can be connected with standard 0.1" single and double row male/female pin headers. These combine to a height of 7/16 inch or
Don't use tools you value highly, the headers are made of brittle glass filled epoxy which will damage the edge of any blades used to cut it. To get the single row male headers to length, grip the last pin of the length you want firmly in pliers and snap the rest off. The female headers don't snap easily so first pull the pins out of the body at the point where you want it to snap, then file the ends smooth. Alternately combine smaller lengths to make up the length required. To get them to butt against each other at 0.1" if there is extra plastic on the ends file it down.<ref name="hw" />
Suitable parts can be purchased for example:<ref name="hw" />
* [http://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/3M-Electronic-Solutions-Division/929974-01-36-RK/?qs=Z7nQflo5OWeXTtG8NqxhFQ%3D%3D 517-929974-01-36-RK], Mouser female 2.54mm pin header, 36 way, tin plated copper
* [http://www.mouser.com/ProductDetail/3M-Electronic-Solutions-Division/929834-01-36/?qs=QV10cN0MjFtGMxJSq6rXkQ%3D%3D 517-834-01-36], Mouser male 2.54mm pin header, 36 way, tin plated copper
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For the leads between PSU and bus boards, 1/4"(6.35mm) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTON_terminal Faston crimp connectors]. These usually come in three colour sizes: red (32/0.2 AWG), blue (2x 32/0.2 AWG) and yellow (5x 32/0.2 AWG). Use at least the blue type, the yellow for 0V and as thick a wire as possible.<ref>[https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=149590&sid=5c974bb3ed36d75927a835052c34a53b Wire Connectors for Doepfer PSU-2 and Busboard], Graham Hinton, Muff Wiggler forum, Nov 2015</ref>
Ribbon cables, (the de facto standard)<ref name="hinton" /> use two row of 8 [[pin header|male pin headers]] for connecting power and [[normalising]] [[CV/gate]]. The pins are 0.1" (2.54mm) apart and at a 0.1" pitch. The interconnection is done via ribbon cable with 1.27mm (0.05") pitch, and using female sockets, 16-pin to the supply bus and either 16 or 10-pin to the module. The colored wire on the ribbon cable indicates -12V.<ref>Doepfer [http://www.doepfer.de/a100_man/a100t_e.htm Technical Details A-100]</ref><ref name="ta">[http://analogue-heaven.1065350.n5.nabble.com/some-help-building-a-rack-for-doepfer-tp25377p25380.html Re: some help building a rack for doepfer] by [[Tony Allgood]], Analogue Heaven email list, 29 June 2006</ref><ref name="def" /><ref name="dcon">[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=37111&start=all&postdays=0&postorder=asc Doepfer connectors?], Muff Wiggler forum, June 2011</ref> Pins are numbered from pin 1 with even numbers along one side and the odd numbered ones along the other.<ref>[http://connector.pinoutsguide.com/16_pin_IDC_male/ 16 pin IDC male connector diagram and applications pinouts]</ref>
==== Cwejman ====
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Ribbon cable:
* 10 way (Rapid [http://www.rapidonline.com/cables-connectors/ribbon-cable-grey-10-way-30-5m-01-1446 01-1446])
* 16 way (Rapid [http://www.rapidonline.com/cables-connectors/ribbon-cable-grey-16way-30-5m-01-1449 01-1449])
* Ribbon cable in grey or rainbow (Rapid [https://www.rapidonline.com/rapid-ribbon-cable-62359 01-0172])
==== Analogue Systems ====
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* [[Comparison of Eurorack DIY PSUs]]
{{From Muff Wiggler wiki|vertical Mount Components}}
{{
== References ==
{{reflist}}
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