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==== Panels ====
Doepfer specifies the Eurorack front panel material as 2&nbsp;mm anodized aluminium.<ref name="a100m">Doepfer [http://www.doepfer.de/a100_man/a100m_e.htm A-100 Construction Details]</ref> In practice panels from other manufacturers may slightly differ, e.g. Synthwerks use the closest gauge that [http://metalphoto.com/ Metalphoto] offer which is 0.0625" (1.59&nbsp;mm). Also check data sheets for front panel parts, e.g. the maximum recommended thickness for [[3.5&nbsp;mm Cliff 1384 jack]]s is 2.5&nbsp;mm.<ref name="guage">[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=51475&start=all&postdays=0&postorder=asc Aluminum Panel Guage???], Muff Wiggler forum, January 2012</ref>
Front panel dimensions in the the Eurorack format are specified in U and HP not in inches or millimeters. One U (unit) or in German HE (höhen einheit) is {{frac|1.75&nbsp;inches|3|4}}" equivalent to 44.45&nbsp;mm. The panels height is [[3U]] (3x1.753x{{frac|1|3|4}}"={{frac|5.25|1|4}}" or 133.35&nbsp;mm) less any allowance for mounting rail flange. Width is measured in HP (horizontal pitch) or in German TE (teilungs einheiten); 1 HP is 5.08&nbsp;mm, 1/5", 0.2" or 200mil. The actual width of a front panel is a few tenth of a&nbsp;mm less than whatever multiple of 5.08&nbsp;mm it is, to give some tolerance for final assembly. A [[19-inch rack]] has a usable width of 84 HP.<ref name="hinton" /><ref name="a100m" /><ref name="confused">[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=55022&start=all&postdays=0&postorder=asc confused about euro panel spec standard.], Muff Wiggler forum, March 2012</ref><ref name="measures">[http://www.electro-music.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=18281&postorder=asc Standard measurements in front panels], Electro-music.com forum, May 2007</ref><ref>[http://electro-music.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=17529&start=125 Thomas Henry's SN76477 Super Controller Module] by [[Matthias Herman]], Electro-music.com forum, July 2007</ref>
 
The vertical space available between mounting rails is:
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Those don't include the tolerances (slop) of the nut in the rail moving up and down and the screw hole in the front panel. These can cause the rails to be closer or further apart when any given module is tightened in. It's better to try to give a little more clearance and not count on these exact figures.<ref name="six" />
 
To fit between the mounting rails the maximum vertical PCB size can be from 108&nbsp;mm ({{frac|4.25|1|4}}") to 110&nbsp;mm. The width of the PCB needs to be a touch less than that of the front panel, whilst allowing for clearance and taking tolerances into consideration.<ref name="hinton" /><ref name="six" /><ref name="erthenvar">[http://erthenvar.com/store/accessories/3.5mm-vertical-mount-jacks 3.5mm Vertical Mount Jacks], Erthenvar</ref>
 
=== Stacked PCBs ===
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==== Doepfer ====
For the leads between PSU and bus boards, 1/{{frac|4}}""(6.35mm) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASTON_terminal Faston crimp connectors]. These usually come in three colour sizes: red (32/0.2 AWG), blue (2x 32/0.2 AWG) and yellow (5x 32/0.2 AWG). Use at least the blue type, the yellow for 0V and as thick a wire as possible.<ref>[https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=149590&sid=5c974bb3ed36d75927a835052c34a53b Wire Connectors for Doepfer PSU-2 and Busboard], Graham Hinton, Muff Wiggler forum, Nov 2015</ref>
 
Ribbon cables, (the de facto standard)<ref name="hinton" /> use two row of 8 pin header for connecting power and [[normalising]] [[CV/gate]]. The pins are 0.1" (2.54mm) apart and at a 0.1" pitch. The interconnection is done via ribbon cable with 1.27mm (0.05") pitch, and using female sockets, 16-pin to the supply bus and either 16 or 10-pin to the module. The colored wire on the ribbon cable indicates -12V.<ref>Doepfer [http://www.doepfer.de/a100_man/a100t_e.htm Technical Details A-100]</ref><ref name="ta">[http://analogue-heaven.1065350.n5.nabble.com/some-help-building-a-rack-for-doepfer-tp25377p25380.html Re: some help building a rack for doepfer] by [[Tony Allgood]], Analogue Heaven email list, 29 June 2006</ref><ref name="def" /><ref name="dcon">[http://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=37111&start=all&postdays=0&postorder=asc Doepfer connectors?], Muff Wiggler forum, June 2011</ref> Pins are numbered from pin 1 with even numbers along one side and the odd numbered ones along the other.<ref>[http://connector.pinoutsguide.com/16_pin_IDC_male/ 16 pin IDC male connector diagram and applications pinouts]</ref>
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