CGS DC mixer
CGS04 the CGS DC mixer project arose out of a need for a small mixer that preserved the DC component of signals, at audio frequencies and below, specifically for the hobbyist synthesizer builder, though it's applications do not stop there. Its compact size means it can easily be included along with other circuit boards in modules that do not have enough inputs of their own, such as some VCAs or VCFs.
A little on how it works
The circuit design is quite conventional, using two op-amps in a unity gain inverting configuration. The first stage mixes the signals from the six inputs. The output signal from this op-amp is inverted. The second op-amp, which could be considered a single input "mixer" simply re-inverts it.
The resistor (*) can be replace by a variable resistor of 100k if a master level control is required. As the value of this resistor reduces, the swing at the output of the op-amp also reduces. Add a 47pF across pins 1 and 2 of the TL072 if you do this (i.e. between the A and B pads).
The 1k (330 ohms on later boards) at the output simply offers some protection to the op-amp in the event of a short circuit, which happens frequently when patch cords are being used. It is inside the feedback loop, so adding load will not affect the output, so it can quite happily drive a multiple jack.
The two 100n capacitors give some power supply isolation. Power rails can be almost anything from +/- 6V to +/- 15V. Asymmetrical rail voltages will work, but the mixer will behave as if it was running on supply of +/- of the lower of the rail voltages. E.g. supply rails of +12V/-6V would cause the mixer to behave if it was running on a +/- 6V supply.
Only a single example of an adjustable input is shown on the circuit diagram. Simply repeat as needed. If the mixer is going to be used for audio, I would suggest the use of a log pot, though for control voltage use, a linear pot may prove more suitable.
Wiring pots and some extra resistors as shown in red will allow the alternative inputs to be used as "voltage processors" where the output can be varied from inverting through to non-inverting.
The value of the pot used in the processor will affect the response of the pot. The pot itself MUST be linear. Other values of pot will vary the degree of the curve. For example, a 50k will be slightly anti-log.
- 10k - Anti-log response - Greater sensitivity near center of rotation. Finer control towards ends of travel.
- 100k - Linear response.
- 1M - Log response - Finer control near center of rotation. Greater sensitivity towards ends of travel.
Construction
Before you start assembly, check the board for etching faults. Look for any shorts between tracks, or open circuits due to over etching. Take this opportunity to sand the edges of the board if needed, removing any splinters or rough edges. (With the boards supplied by me, the edges are already milled, and etching faults are very rare.)
When you are happy with the printed circuit board, construction can proceed as normal, starting with the resistors first, followed by the IC socket if used, then moving onto the taller components.
Take particular care with the orientation of the polarized components such as electrolytics, diodes, transistors and ICs.
When inserting ICs into sockets, take care not to accidentally bend any of the pins under the chip. Also, make sure the notch on the chip is aligned with the notch marked on the PCB overlay.
Notes
- 47pF capacitors could be soldered between pins 1 and 2 and pins 6 and 7 of the TL072 should you find the mixer behaves in an unstable manner. This behavior is usually caused by high frequency oscillation, and these capacitors will stop it. This is more likely to happen if you replace the resistor between points A and B with a pot.
Parts list
This is a guide only. Parts needed will vary with individual constructor's needs.
| Part | Quantity |
| Capacitors | |
|---|---|
| 100nF (0.1uF) | 2 |
| Resistors | |
| 330R | 1 |
| 1k (older version) | 1 |
| 100k 1% | 9 |
| Semi's | |
| TL072 | 1 |
| Misc. | |
| CGS04 PCB | 1 |
Notes
- PCB is 1" x 1.8" or 1" x 2" with four 3mm mounting holes 0.15" in from the edges, or in the case of the 2" version, with extra holes in the same location as on the 1.8" version.
CC-BY-NC
Readers are permitted to construct these circuits for their own personal use only. Ken Stone retains all rights to his work.
See also
- CGS CV mega mixer for an enhanced version of CGS04, designed for both audio and CV mixing.
- CGS DC mixer (previous version)
- The CGS modules
- CGS parts FAQ
References
- D.C. Mixer for music synthesizers by Ken Stone, 2007, with permission of the author - archived
External links
- CGS04 BOM at BOMpiler
- CGS Synth discussion group, for discussion of locating parts, modifications and corrections etc.
Suppliers
- CGS04 DC Mixer, revision 2.2, Elby Designs