CGS wave multiplier v1
The idea for CGS29 the CGS wave multiplier project came from the fabled middle section of the Serge wave multipliers. It could equally be described as a wave folder or a timbre modulator. This is the documentation for Wave Multiplier version 1.
Description
I have never seen or heard one of these units, nor have I seen its schematic diagrams, but armed with descriptions and suppositions by various people who had seen them, and a couple of photos of CRO traces from the output of the module, I decided to design myself one.
The result as displayed on the CRO is very close to those of the Serge, with the exception of the final fold, where in my design, the wave maintains more of its original shape. It can produce the most amazing, harmonically rich, filter-like sweeps.
It took me weeks of experimentation before I came up with the final design. I tried various configurations (usually mixing the outputs of successive rectifiers) as suggested on websites devoted to the original, and while I did have success, there were elements of the designs that I felt were poor.
It wasn't until I approached the problem from a different angle that I was happy with the result. The circuit I came up with I would describe as a "reflector", and is ingeniously simple. Going on it's performance, I would guess it to be very close to Serge's original design.
In addition to this multiplier, there is a second simple multiplier created by adding lag to the feedback path of an op-amp. The results are reminiscent of a well known tube modulator.
While untested, the module should work on +/-12 volts.
How to use this module
For the primary multiplier, the "folder", connect the input to the triangle wave output of a VCO. Connect a LFO, envelope generator or even a DC voltage to the folds input. The result will be a harmonically rich signal at the "F out" output. A second input based on a lag circuit allows square waves and other hard-edged waveforms to be used as the signal source.
There is also a "squared" output available, with "pwm" inputs to further vary the possibilities.
To use the second multiplier, the "grinder", feed the input from the output of a VCO. Adjusting the "drive" and "lag" pots will give variation to the output signal.
Obviously both multipliers can also be used to mangle control voltages, the outputs from LFOs etc.
A little on how it works
The "grinder" is simply an inverting amplifier with a lag circuit in its feedback path. Depending on the time constant of the lag pot and its associated capacitor, the op-amp will take longer to settle. In trying to maintain the virtual ground at pin 2 of the first op-amp the output will overshoot, then as the virtual ground settles, then passes the optimal point, the output will again try to compensate, with the same results. The result is a "ringing" that is imposed on the input waveform around the points it changes direction. This introduces a lot of high frequency hash. The slew rate of the op-amp is critical in this location, so keep this in mind if substituting the LM358 for another chip. I have found that TL072 not particularly effective here, and the 4558 doesn't produce the effect at all.
Construction
Before you start assembly, check the board for etching faults. Look for any shorts between tracks, or open circuits due to over etching. Take this opportunity to sand the edges of the board if needed, removing any splinters or rough edges.
When you are happy with the printed circuit board, construction can proceed as normal, starting with the resistors first, followed by the IC sockets if used, then moving onto the taller components.
Take particular care with the orientation of the polarized components, the electrolytics, diodes and ICs. I would recommend the use of a socket for at least the LM358. This will allow a number of ICs to be tried and the best selected
When inserting the ICs in their sockets, take care not to accidentally bend any of the pins under the chip. Also, make sure the notch on the chip is aligned with the notch marked on the PCB overlay.
Where there was space on the PCB, I have allowed extra pads so that various size capacitors can be fitted. There are several decoupling capacitors, none of which are shown on the schematic.
There are three capacitors and a power bus at one end of the PCB. These can be ignored. +6 volts is NOT required by this design. This is simply a power bus so I can work one of these modules into an existing Serge.
It is a good idea to insert a 1k resistor between the +15V supply and the normalized connection on any CV jack you may chose to wire that way. This is because +15 will momentarily be fed out of this jack when you plug something into it, due to the mechanical nature of the contacts. The pads marked R+ are there for this purpose. There is also an R- pad as well, with the limiting resistor in series with the -15V supply.
The unused op-amp has been brought out to pads, though will require a couple of tracks to be cut if it is to be used. There is also a small prototyping area provided.
The LM324 op-amps can be replaced by other op-amps in the standard configuration, such as the TL074.
Notes
- The current distribution of this PCB also includes the Simple Wave Folder instead of the power-bus at the left hand end of the PCB. You could try connecting its input directly to pin 14 of IC4d to gain access to the voltage controlled level and offset functions. You will probably want to delete the input pot of the Simple Wave Folder if you do this.
Parts list
This is a guide only. Parts needed will vary with individual constructor's needs.
| Part | Quantity |
| Capacitors | |
|---|---|
| 47p | 1 |
| 5n6 | 1 |
| 10n | 1 |
| 100n | 8 |
| 10uF 25V | 2 |
| Resistors | |
| 220R | 2 |
| 470R | 1 |
| 1k | 7 |
| 3k9 | 1 |
| 4k7 | 1 |
| 10k | 12 |
| 22k | 1 |
| 39k | 1 |
| 47k | 1 |
| 100k | 15 |
| 270k | 1 |
| Semi's | |
| 1N4148 | 10 |
| LM358 | 1 |
| LM324 | 3 |
| LM3080 | 1 |
| Misc | |
| Ferrite bead (or 10R resistor) | 2 |
| 0.156 4 pin connector | 1 |
| CGS29VER1.0 PCB | 1 |
Notes
- A 10 to 22 ohm resistor can be used instead of the ferrite bead. If you don't care about power-rail noise, just use a link instead.
CC-BY-NC
Readers are permitted to construct these circuits for their own personal use only. Ken Stone retains all rights to his work.
See also
- Wave Multiplier version 1 revision 2
- Wave Multiplier version 2.0/version 2.1
- Simple Wave Folder
- The CGS modules
- CGS parts FAQ
References
- Wave Multiplier for music synthesizers. - Version 1 documents, for those with original version boards. by Ken Stone, 2002, with permission of the author - archived
External links
- Nonselective frequency tripler uses transistor saturation characteristics by Robert K. Lockhart Jr., Electronic Design, Vol 21 No 17, 16 August 1973, p. 86
- CGS Synth discussion group, for discussion of locating parts, modifications and corrections etc.