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[[File:cgs_serge_serge_front.jpg|thumb|center|600px|[[Ken Stone]]'s classic 1973 paperface Serge synthesizer. Click through for a breakdown.|link=Ken Stone/1973 classic Serge]]
The '''Serge synthesizer''' aka '''Serge Modular Music System''' or '''Serge Modular system''' is an analogue [[modular synthesizer]] originally designed by CalArts professor [[Serge Tcherepnin]], beginning in 1974.
The '''Serge synthesizer''' aka '''Serge Modular Music System''' or '''Serge Modular system''' is an analogue [[modular synthesizer]] originally designed by CalArts professor [[Serge Tcherepnin]], beginning in 1974.


== History ==
== History ==
In the early 70's Serge Tcherepnin began to design and build synthesizers while teaching at California Institute of the Arts. Before long, other professors, students, and musicians became interested in these new synthesizers. Serge set up an odd manufacturing arrangement where interested people paid $700 up front for parts, then worked for him building modules. When done, they were rewarded with a six-panel system of their own.<ref name="kscs">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160806034511f/http://www.cgs.synth.net/synth/serge/index.html Classic Serge] by Ken Stone, 1999, with permission of the author - archived</ref>
⚫
In 1992 Serge production and intellectual property were taken over by [[Sound Transform Systems]] (STS) of Oakland, California, founded by [[Rex Probe]] in 1984.<ref name="vail">''Vintage Synthesizers: Groundbreaking Instruments and Pioneering Designers of Electronic Music Synthesizers'' by Mark Vail, Backbeat Books, 2000, ISBN 0879306033</ref>

⚫
In 1992 Serge production and intellectual property were taken over by [[Sound Transform Systems]] (STS) of Oakland, California, founded by [[Rex Probe]] in 1984.<ref name="vail">''Vintage Synthesizers: Groundbreaking Instruments and Pioneering Designers of Electronic Music Synthesizers'' by Mark Vail, Backbeat Books, 2000, {{ISBN|0879306033}}</ref>
=== Paperface ===
=== Paperface ===

The original Serge panel was pre-drilled aluminum with panel art on paper glued on and covered with protective [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoPET mylar film].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318163136/http://www.coa-modular.com/2012/06/03/what-and-why-paperface/ What and Why Paperface?], coa-modular, 3 Jun 2012</ref><ref>[http://www.cgs.synth.net/synth/serge/ Classic Serge], CGS</ref>
A few different methods of panel marking were tried, and the one settled on for some of the early units was to print (photocopy?) the panel markings onto a piece of paper, one per module. These were then stuck on the 17" x 7" aluminium panels that were pre-drilled with a grid of 1" (5 HP) centre to centre spaced holes, irrespective of whether all holes would be needed. The top edge of these pieces of paper folded over on to the back of the panel, and contained brief markings to help wiring the jacks of the module in question to its circuit board. All of the pieces of paper were then covered over with a single piece of adhesive [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoPET mylar film] or "Contact" type book covering film.<ref name="kscs"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140318163136/http://www.coa-modular.com/2012/06/03/what-and-why-paperface/ What and Why Paperface?], coa-modular, 3 Jun 2012</ref>


== Intention ==
== Intention ==
Line 10: Line 14:


== Patching ==
== Patching ==
Serge uses [[Connectors#Banana_plugs_vs._other_plugs|banana jacks]] for patching.<ref name="vail"/> The Serge connector color scheme is more about the type signal than its function but with some flexibility e.g. some CVs can go negative. Many black inputs are AC coupled, but most black outputs are not.<ref name="maint">[https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24954 Serge Maintenance Info], Muff Wiggler forum, Nov 2010</ref><ref name="if">[https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=205598 If you could color code your inputs....], Muff Wiggler forum, Apr 2010</ref>
Serge uses [[Connectors#Banana_plugs_vs._other_plugs|banana jacks]] for patching.<ref name="vail"/> The Serge connector color scheme is more about the type signal than its function but with some flexibility e.g. some CVs can go negative. Many black inputs are AC coupled, but most black outputs are not.<ref name="maint">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=24954 Serge Maintenance Info], Mod Wiggler forum, Nov 2010</ref><ref name="if">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=205598 If you could color code your inputs....], Mod Wiggler forum, Apr 2010</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
!Signal!!Color<ref>[http://serge-fans.com/new.html#FAQ Serge Fans FAQ]</ref><ref>[http://www.carbon111.com/serge_index.html Serge Guidebook] by Rich Gold.</ref>!!Comment
!Signal!!Color<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210722001640/http://serge.synth.net/documents/1976sergemanual.pdf Introduction to the use of the Serge Modular Music System], 1976, p. 14</ref><ref>[http://serge-fans.com/new.html#FAQ Serge Fans FAQ]</ref><ref>[http://www.carbon111.com/serge_index.html Serge Guidebook] by Rich Gold.</ref>!!Comment
|-
|Trigger pulses in/out||{{font color|white|red|&nbsp;red&nbsp;}}||
|-
|-
|Audio or signal||{{font color|white|black|&nbsp;black&nbsp;}}||AC coupled signals
|CVs in/out||{{font color|white|blue|&nbsp;blue&nbsp;}}||
|-
|-
|CVs||{{font color|white|blue|&nbsp;blue&nbsp;}}||DC coupled signals
|Bipolar CV in/out||{{font color|white|black|&nbsp;black&nbsp;}}||
|-
|-
|Pulse in/out||{{font color|white|red|&nbsp;red&nbsp;}}||Trigger signals
|Audio in/out||{{font color|white|black|&nbsp;black&nbsp;}}||
|-
|-
⚫
|Special functions in/out||{{font color|black|yellow|&nbsp;yellow&nbsp;}},{{font color|black|orange|&nbsp;orange&nbsp;}},{{font color|white|green|&nbsp;green&nbsp;}}<ref name="animal"/>||
⚫
|Sync||{{font color|white|purple|&nbsp;purple&nbsp;}}||Pink noise out on the Animal panel<ref>[http://carbon111.com/animal.html The Serge "Animal" - a massive modular in 4U]</ref><ref name="animal">[https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=507650&highlight=#507650 Best of CGS Build Thread], Muff Wiggler forum, 1 Jul 2011</ref>
|-
|-
⚫
|Sync||{{font color|white|purple|&nbsp;purple&nbsp;}}||Pink noise out on the Animal panel<ref>[http://carbon111.com/animal.html The Serge "Animal" - a massive modular in 4U]</ref><ref name="animal">[https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=507650&highlight=#507650 Best of CGS Build Thread], Mod Wiggler forum, 1 Jul 2011</ref>
⚫
|Special uses||{{font color|black|yellow|&nbsp;yellow&nbsp;}},{{font color|black|orange|&nbsp;orange&nbsp;}},{{font color|white|green|&nbsp;green&nbsp;}}<ref name="animal"/>||
|}
|}


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== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.carbon111.com/sergebook.zip ''An introduction to the serge modular music system''] by Rich Gold with Darrel Johansen and Marina LaPalma
* ''[http://www.elby-designs.com/webtek/euro-serge/documentation/book_1.pdf A guide to the Euro-Serge Modular Synthesizer]'' by Laurie Biddulph, in eight parts. Updated and expanded from ''An introduction to the Serge Modular Music System'' by Rich Gold with Darrel Johansen and Marina LaPalma.
* ''[http://www.elby-designs.com/webtek/euro-serge/documentation/book_1.pdf A guide to the Euro-Serge Modular Synthesizer]'' by Laurie Biddulph, in eight parts. Updated and expanded from ''An introduction to the Serge Modular Music System'' by Rich Gold with Darrel Johansen and Marina LaPalma.
* [http://www.serge-fans.com/ Egres – The Unofficial Serge Page]
* [http://www.serge-fans.com/ Egres – The unofficial Serge web site]
* [http://www.carbon111.com/serge_index.html Carbon111's Serge Modular Index]
* [http://www.carbon111.com/serge_index.html Carbon111's Serge Modular Index]
* [http://www.serge.synth.net/ Serge Modular Music System] information collated by [[Ken Stone]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160608101311/http://www.serge.synth.net/ Serge Modular Music System] information collated by [[Ken Stone]]
* [https://www.muffwiggler.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=19 Buchla, EMS & Serge forum] on Muffwiggler
* [https://www.modwiggler.com/forum/viewforum.php?f=19 Buchla, EMS & Serge forum] on Muffwiggler
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150820064004/http://www.coa-modular.com COA] (archived)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150820064004/http://www.coa-modular.com/ COA] - archived
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_synthesizer Serge synthesizer], Wikipedia
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_synthesizer Serge synthesizer], Wikipedia
* [https://archive.org/details/synthmanual_Serge_Series_79_catalogue Serge Series 79 catalogue]
* [https://archive.org/details/synthmanual_Serge_Series_79_catalogue Serge Series 79 catalogue]
* An early [https://archive.org/details/synthmanual_Serge_catalogue_early Serge catalogue]
* An early [https://archive.org/details/synthmanual_Serge_catalogue_early Serge catalogue]
* [https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/SergeModular/info Serge modular owners group]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190427053036/http://serge.synth.net/documents/kit_index.html Original Serge kit instructions]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210722001640/http://serge.synth.net/documents/1976sergemanual.pdf Serge graphic symbols], Introduction to the use of the Serge Modular Music System, 1976, p. 14
=== Kits ===
=== Kits ===
* [http://www.elby-designs.com/webtek/euro-serge/euro-serge.htm EuroSerge Series] kits by [[ELBY Designs]]
* [http://www.elby-designs.com/webtek/euro-serge/euro-serge.htm EuroSerge Series] kits by [[ELBY Designs]]
* [http://randomsource.net/ Random*Source DIY Serge kits]
* [http://randomsource.net/ Random*Source DIY Serge kits]
* [http://cgs.synth.net/ CGS]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170430151727/http://cgs.synth.net/ CGS]


[[Category:American brands]]
[[Category:American brands]]

Latest revision as of 19:41, 15 February 2023

Ken Stone's classic 1973 paperface Serge synthesizer. Click through for a breakdown.

The Serge synthesizer aka Serge Modular Music System or Serge Modular system is an analogue modular synthesizer originally designed by CalArts professor Serge Tcherepnin, beginning in 1974.

History

In the early 70's Serge Tcherepnin began to design and build synthesizers while teaching at California Institute of the Arts. Before long, other professors, students, and musicians became interested in these new synthesizers. Serge set up an odd manufacturing arrangement where interested people paid $700 up front for parts, then worked for him building modules. When done, they were rewarded with a six-panel system of their own.[1]

In 1992 Serge production and intellectual property were taken over by Sound Transform Systems (STS) of Oakland, California, founded by Rex Probe in 1984.[2]

Paperface

A few different methods of panel marking were tried, and the one settled on for some of the early units was to print (photocopy?) the panel markings onto a piece of paper, one per module. These were then stuck on the 17" x 7" aluminium panels that were pre-drilled with a grid of 1" (5 HP) centre to centre spaced holes, irrespective of whether all holes would be needed. The top edge of these pieces of paper folded over on to the back of the panel, and contained brief markings to help wiring the jacks of the module in question to its circuit board. All of the pieces of paper were then covered over with a single piece of adhesive mylar film or "Contact" type book covering film.[1][3]

Intention

Unlike other synthesizer systems with components designed to control the basics of musical sounds, such as pitch, duration, amplitude envelope, timbre. The intent of the Serge system is that the electronics speaks for itself. It makes interesting (although "un-musical") functions such as positive slew, negative slew, peak and trough, comparators, processors, wave shapers, etc. available .[4] Typically Serge modules are multipurpose, e.g. the Serge TKB is a touch activated keyboard, analogue programmer and sequencer, while the Serge Universal Slope Generator can serve as an envelope generator, slew processor, LFO, VCO, frequency divider, lowpass VCF, trigger/gate delay, or envelope follower.[2]

Patching

Serge uses banana jacks for patching.[2] The Serge connector color scheme is more about the type signal than its function but with some flexibility e.g. some CVs can go negative. Many black inputs are AC coupled, but most black outputs are not.[5][6]

Signal Color[7][8][9] Comment
Trigger pulses in/out  red 
CVs in/out  blue 
Bipolar CV in/out  black 
Audio in/out  black 
Special functions in/out  yellow , orange , green [10]
Sync  purple  Pink noise out on the Animal panel[11][10]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Classic Serge by Ken Stone, 1999, with permission of the author - archived
  2. ^ a b c Vintage Synthesizers: Groundbreaking Instruments and Pioneering Designers of Electronic Music Synthesizers by Mark Vail, Backbeat Books, 2000, ISBN 0879306033
  3. ^ What and Why Paperface?, coa-modular, 3 Jun 2012
  4. ^ Foreword by Serge Tcherepnin, A guide to the Euro-Serge Modular Synthesizer by Laurie Biddulph.
  5. ^ Serge Maintenance Info, Mod Wiggler forum, Nov 2010
  6. ^ If you could color code your inputs...., Mod Wiggler forum, Apr 2010
  7. ^ Introduction to the use of the Serge Modular Music System, 1976, p. 14
  8. ^ Serge Fans FAQ
  9. ^ Serge Guidebook by Rich Gold.
  10. ^ a b Best of CGS Build Thread, Mod Wiggler forum, 1 Jul 2011
  11. ^ The Serge "Animal" - a massive modular in 4U

External links

Kits

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