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When synthesizers first entered the underground music scene in the early 1960s, constructing them was difficult. Knowledge of engineering specific to making sound waves was scarce and components were not ideal for making music. Furthermore, people didn't have references - they didn't know what they wanted to build. In the 21st century, however, synthesizer design is commonplace and many sources of information from people to websites share the basic as well as the secrets. It's even possible to construct playable synthesizer instruments in your own home with less than $100 in parts.
== Synthesis techniques ==<!-- replace links to Wikipedia by wikilinks when the article exists -->
In electronic music synthesizers, the main techniques to create and shape sound are:
=== Hardware ===
* [[Subtractive synthesis]] starts with a rich sound wave and subtracts frequencies using filters (e.g., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moog_synthesizer Moog synthesizer]s).
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* [[Wavetable synthesis]] uses tables of pre-recorded waveforms and allows smooth transitions between them (e.g., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPG_Wave PPG Wave]).
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=== Software ===
* [[Physical modeling]] simulates the physical properties of musical instruments using mathematical models (e.g., Yamaha VL1).▼
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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_modeling_synthesizer Analog modeling synthesis] emulates the sound and behavior of vintage analog synthesizers using digital algorithms (e.g., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Lead Clavia Nord Lead]).
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_arithmetic_synthesis Linear arithmetic synthesis] combines sampled attack transients with synthesized sustain portions to create complex sounds (e.g., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_D-50 Roland D-50]).
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_waveguide_synthesis Vector synthesis] blends multiple sound sources dynamically using a joystick or vector mixer to create evolving timbres (e.g., [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korg_Wavestation Korg Wavestation]).
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_waveguide_synthesis Digital waveguide synthesis] uses mathematical models to simulate the propagation of waves through a medium, often used to replicate the sounds of string and wind instruments (e.g., [[Mutable Instruments Elements]] and [[Mutable Instruments Rings]]).
== See also ==
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