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* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive_synthesis Additive synthesis] builds complex sounds by adding together simpler waveforms, typically sine waves (e.g., the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammond_organ Hammond organ] or the software synth [https://github.com/eclab/flow Flow]).
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_modulation_synthesis FM synthesis] is the modulation of one waveform by another to create complex harmonic content (e.g., the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha_DX7 Yamaha DX7] or the DIY [[Futur3soundz XFM2]]).
* [[Wavetable synthesis]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_distortion_synthesis Phase distortion synthesis] is similar to FM synthesis but uses different phase modulation techniques (e.g., the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casio_CZ_synthesizers Casio CZ] series).
=== Software ===
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample-based_synthesis Sample-based synthesis] uses recorded samples of real instruments or sounds, which can be manipulated (e.g., the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairlight_CMI Fairlight CMI] or the DIY [https://www.samplerbox.org/ SamplerBox]). This is different from a rompler, which typically uses pre-recorded samples in a playback format without extensive manipulation capabilities (e.g., the [[Yamaha DB50XG]]).
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granular_synthesis Granular synthesis] splits sound into small grains and manipulates them to create new textures (e.g., [[Mutable Instruments Clouds]]).
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_modelling_synthesis Physical modelling synthesis] simulates the physical properties of musical instruments using mathematical models (e.g., the Yamaha VL1).
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